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An Essay on Man est un poème écrit par le poète anglais Alexander Pope vers 1733 - 1734. Il est dédié à Henry St John (1er vicomte Bolingbroke)
, An Essay on Man is a poem published by Ale … An Essay on Man is a poem published by Alexander Pope in 1733–1734. It was dedicated to Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, (pronounced 'Bull-en-brook') hence the opening line: "Awake, St John...". It is an effort to rationalize or rather "vindicate the ways of God to man" (l.16), a variation of John Milton's claim in the opening lines of Paradise Lost, that he will "justifie the wayes of God to men" (1.26). It is concerned with the natural order God has decreed for man. Because man cannot know God's purposes, he cannot complain about his position in the great chain of being (ll.33-34) and must accept that "Whatever is, is right" (l.292), a theme that was satirized by Voltaire in Candide (1759). More than any other work, it popularized optimistic philosophy throughout England and the rest of Europe. Pope's Essay on Man and Moral Epistles were designed to be the parts of a system of ethics which he wanted to express in poetry. Moral Epistles has been known under various other names including Ethic Epistles and Moral Essays. On its publication, An Essay on Man received great admiration throughout Europe. Voltaire called it "the most beautiful, the most useful, the most sublime didactic poem ever written in any language". In 1756 Rousseau wrote to Voltaire admiring the poem and saying that it "softens my ills and brings me patience". Kant was fond of the poem and would recite long passages from it to his students. Later however, Voltaire renounced his admiration for Pope's and Leibniz's optimism and even wrote a novel, Candide, as a satire on their philosophy of ethics. Rousseau also critiqued the work, questioning "Pope's uncritical assumption that there must be an unbroken chain of being all the way from inanimate matter up to God." The essay, written in heroic couplets, comprises four epistles. Pope began work on it in 1729, and had finished the first three by 1731. They appeared in early 1733, with the fourth epistle published the following year. The poem was originally published anonymously; Pope did not admit authorship until 1735. Pope reveals in his introductory statement, "The Design", that An Essay on Man was originally conceived as part of a longer philosophical poem which would have been expanded on through four separate books. According to his friend and editor, William Warburton, Pope intended to structure the work as follows: The four epistles which had already been published would have comprised the first book. The second book was to contain another set of epistles, which in contrast to the first book would focus on subjects such as human reason, the practical and impractical aspects of varied arts and sciences, human talent, the use of learning, the science of the world, and wit, together with "a satire against the misapplication" of those same disciplines. The third book would discuss politics and religion, while the fourth book was concerned with "private ethics" or "practical morality." The following passage, taken from the first two paragraphs of the opening verse of the second epistle, is often quoted by those familiar with Pope's work, as it neatly summarizes some of the religious and humanistic tenets of the poem: Know then thyself, presume not God to scan;The proper study of Mankind is Man.Plac'd on this isthmus of a middle state,A being darkly wise, and rudely great:With too much knowledge for the Sceptic side,With too much weakness for the Stoic's pride,He hangs between; in doubt to act, or rest,In doubt to deem himself a God, or Beast;In doubt his Mind or Body to prefer,Born but to die, and reas'ning but to err;Alike in ignorance, his reason such,Whether he thinks too little, or too much:Chaos of Thought and Passion, all confus'd;Still by himself, abus'd, or disabus'd;Created half to rise, and half to fall;Great lord of all things, yet a prey to all;Sole judge of Truth, in endless Error hurl'd:The glory, jest, and riddle of the world! Go, wond'rous creature! mount where Science guides,Go, measure earth, weigh air, and state the tides;Instruct the planets in what orbs to run,Correct old Time, and regulate the Sun;Go, soar with Plato to th' empyreal sphere,To the first good, first perfect, and first fair;Or tread the mazy round his follow'rs trod,And quitting sense call imitating God;As Eastern priests in giddy circles run,And turn their heads to imitate the Sun.Go, teach Eternal Wisdom how to rule—Then drop into thyself, and be a fool! — Epistle II, lines 1-30 In the above example, Pope's thesis is that man has learnt about nature and God's creation through science; consequently, science has given man power, but having become intoxicated by this power, man has begun to think that he is "imitating God". In response, Pope declares the species of man to be a "fool", absent of knowledge and plagued by "ignorance" in spite of all the progress achieved through science. Pope argues that humanity should make a study of itself, and not debase the spiritual essence of the world with earthly science, since the two are diametrically opposed to one another: man should "presume not God to scan".her: man should "presume not God to scan".
, El Ensayo sobre el hombre (en inglés: An Essay on Man) es un poema publicado por Alexander Pope entre 1733 y 1734 . Está dedicado a Henry St John, vizconde de Bolingbroke, citado en el inicio del poema: "Despierta, San Juan ..."
, An Essay on Man (dt. Vom Menschen bzw. Der … An Essay on Man (dt. Vom Menschen bzw. Der Mensch: Ein Philosophisches Gedichte, auch Der Versuch vom Menschen) ist ein 1734 veröffentlichtes Gedicht von Alexander Pope. Die deutsche Übersetzung von Barthold Heinrich Brockes erschien erstmals 1740. Es handelt sich dabei um einen rationalistischen Versuch, die Philosophie zu nutzen, um „die Wege Gottes zum Menschen zu rechtfertigen“ ("to vindicate the ways of God to man", 1.16), eine Abwandlung von John Miltons Forderung nach einer Rechtfertigung ebendieser Wege in seinem Gedicht Paradise Lost ("justify the ways of God to man", 1.26). Das Gedicht beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Bösen in der Welt und mit dem Rang in der natürlichen Ordnung, den Gott dem Menschen zugewiesen hat. Weil der Mensch die Absichten Gottes nicht wissen kann, kann er sich auch nicht über seine Stellung auf der „Leiter des Lebens“ (engl. "Great Chain of Being", 11.33–34) im Klaren sein und muss akzeptieren, dass „was auch immer ist, richtig ist“ ("Whatever IS, is RIGHT", 1.292). Dieses Thema wurde bald von Voltaire in seinem Roman Candide verspottet. Mehr als jedes andere Werk machte An Essay on Man die optimistische Philosophie in England und dem Rest Europas bekannt. Das Essay, welches in heroic couplets, also „heroischen“ Reimpaaren jambischer Fünfheber, geschrieben ist, besteht aus vier Episteln. Pope begann seine Arbeit daran 1729 und hatte die ersten drei bis 1731 fertiggestellt. Sie erschienen jedoch erst 1733, die vierte Epistel erst im darauffolgenden Jahr. Ursprünglich wurde das Gedicht anonym veröffentlicht. Erst 1735 gestand Pope seine Autorenschaft ein. In seiner einführenden Stellungnahme enthüllt Pope, dass das Essay on Man vom Aufbau her eigentlich als Teil eines längeren philosophischen Gedichtes mit vier verschiedenen Blöcken gedacht war. Der heute vorliegende Text sollte den ersten Block darstellen. Der zweite Block sollte aus einer Reihe von Episteln über den menschlichen Verstand, die Künste und Wissenschaften, das menschliche Talent und den Nutzen des Lernens und Forschens bestehen. Außerdem sollte es auch eine „Satire gegen den Missbrauch“ der vorgenannten Dinge sein. Der dritte Block sollte die Politik behandeln, der vierte die „private Ethik“ oder die „praktische Moral“ ("private ethics", "practical morality"). Oft zitiert wird der folgende Auszug, der erste Versabsatz der zweiten Epistel, der geschickt einige der humanistischen und religiösen Lehren des Gedichts zusammenfasst: Know, then, thyself, presume not God to scanThe proper study of Mankind is Man.Placed on this isthmus of a middle state,A Being darkly wise, and rudely great:With too much knowledge for the Sceptic side,With too much weakness for the Stoic’s pride,He hangs between; in doubt to act, or rest;In doubt to deem himself a God, or Beast;In doubt his mind or body to prefer;Born but to die, and reas’ning but to err;Alike in ignorance, his reason such,Whether he thinks too little, or too much;Chaos of Thought and Passion, all confus’d;Still by himself, abus’d or disabus’d;Created half to rise and half to fall;Great Lord of all things, yet a prey to all,Sole judge of truth, in endless error hurl’d;The glory, jest and riddle of the world.d;The glory, jest and riddle of the world.
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An Essay on Man (dt. Vom Menschen bzw. Der … An Essay on Man (dt. Vom Menschen bzw. Der Mensch: Ein Philosophisches Gedichte, auch Der Versuch vom Menschen) ist ein 1734 veröffentlichtes Gedicht von Alexander Pope. Die deutsche Übersetzung von Barthold Heinrich Brockes erschien erstmals 1740. Es handelt sich dabei um einen rationalistischen Versuch, die Philosophie zu nutzen, um „die Wege Gottes zum Menschen zu rechtfertigen“ ("to vindicate the ways of God to man", 1.16), eine Abwandlung von John Miltons Forderung nach einer Rechtfertigung ebendieser Wege in seinem Gedicht Paradise Lost ("justify the ways of God to man", 1.26). Das Gedicht beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Bösen in der Welt und mit dem Rang in der natürlichen Ordnung, den Gott dem Menschen zugewiesen hat. Weil der Mensch die Absichten Gottes nicht wissen kann, kann Absichten Gottes nicht wissen kann, kann
, El Ensayo sobre el hombre (en inglés: An Essay on Man) es un poema publicado por Alexander Pope entre 1733 y 1734 . Está dedicado a Henry St John, vizconde de Bolingbroke, citado en el inicio del poema: "Despierta, San Juan ..."
, An Essay on Man est un poème écrit par le poète anglais Alexander Pope vers 1733 - 1734. Il est dédié à Henry St John (1er vicomte Bolingbroke)
, An Essay on Man is a poem published by Ale … An Essay on Man is a poem published by Alexander Pope in 1733–1734. It was dedicated to Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, (pronounced 'Bull-en-brook') hence the opening line: "Awake, St John...". It is an effort to rationalize or rather "vindicate the ways of God to man" (l.16), a variation of John Milton's claim in the opening lines of Paradise Lost, that he will "justifie the wayes of God to men" (1.26). It is concerned with the natural order God has decreed for man. Because man cannot know God's purposes, he cannot complain about his position in the great chain of being (ll.33-34) and must accept that "Whatever is, is right" (l.292), a theme that was satirized by Voltaire in Candide (1759). More than any other work, it popularized optimistic philosophy throughout England and the tic philosophy throughout England and the
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